Razkr 29/25:3 (24 June 1966). Translation from Razkr 30/33:3 (1 September 1967). A number of public meetings were held during a stay of Dihlavi in Lahore from 1928 September and afterwards, while Qizilbash and Shamsi preferred to keep a low profile.387Close They tried to counter the SMC movement with some religious figures interposed,388Close but almost all prominent Shia ulam had meanwhile rallied behind S. Muhammad Dihlavi.389Close Dihlavi and his entourage followed up their stay in Lahore with a trip to Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Kohat, Hangu and the Kurram Agency (29 September7 October), i.e. A leading member of the JUI since 1948, he was elected to the National Assembly for the first time in 1962 as an independent candidate (Bukhr, Akbir ulam-i Deoband, pp. The 196668 Shia movement occurred against the background of intense political ferment during the last years of the Ayub Khan regime, but it remained confined to purely religious and communal issues. the five representatives named by Dihlavi in January205Closeon 24 July 1965 in Karachi rejected the proposal, insisting on the demand for a separate board for Shia auqf.206Close Yet a clause was added to a SMC resolution on this matter, apparently on behest of Qizilbash, stating that if the government appoints a qualified Shia to the board on individual basis and he does not act against Shia interests, the SMC will not object.207Close On 24 August the Chief Administrator Auqaf invited the SMC members for consultation on the proposed appointments. Official figures according to Pakistan Times, 4 June 1963, including Sunni attackers injured by police action; Muzaffar Ali Shamsi later spoke of up to 250 injured Shias (statement in front of the Inquiry Committee, 16 August 1963; Razkr 26/36:9). 18995; Pirzada, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, p. 9. 2,720 khums since its foundation ten years earlier. Since 1959 suggestions for a new organisation that would be headed by ulam had been launched,128Close and apparently they had gained some acceptance by 1961.129Close The ulam still enjoyed respect and popularity among the Shia awam, but some Shia intellectuals had published scathing criticism of their ulam long since.130Close Karim Bakhsh Haidari, with his usual bluntness, wrote in February 1961 on the occasion of the election of a new ITHS Chairman replacing Hafiz Kifayat Husain: in spite of all the hand-kissing for ab-o-qab131Close and the noisy slogans of salawt and salm, we have repeatedly made the experience that the leadership of an lim-i dn has benefited Shia (qaum) organisations very little the personal influence and respect he enjoys with the traders and notables is used very rarely for the good of the Shias and always much more for promoting his professional interests. 166, 16970. Nevertheless, the APSC President succeeded in mid-1967 to reap political gains from Dihlavis movement, which he had never wholeheartedly supported. The editor of Razkr had refused to print a rejoinder of Gulab Ali Shah, considering its language detrimental to the dignity of the ulam, but mentioned that polemics and counter-polemics had been published in other Shia journals. Shia 'ulama' have been at the forefront of communal . Allama Sayyed Imdad Husayn Kazmi al-Mashadi - Pakistani Shi'a scholar who wrote tafsir of Qur'an (Qur'an ul-Mubeen, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 12:33. In 1945 he was among those founding members of the JUI who supported the Muslim League. 25,000 for his services, he immediately donated them to a fund for Khoja Twelver Shia mosques. Mohsin Naqvi Shayari, Urdu Ghazal, Nazam Collection - UrduPoint 434. The history of Islam is telling us that after the death of the Prophet the question of the caliphate has been contested among the Muslims and that Ali and his followers (shn) have chosen to become the opposition party. And if controversial matters are treated as such, the students will be confused and split among each other Shia hadth and fiqh should be taught separately and exams should be separate, too. A meeting of the Shia Mutlabt Committee (SMC)i.e. 25355, http://sharaabtoon.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-most-unfortunate-incident-theri.html, Muzaffar Ali Shamsi, Tanzm k nm par intishr n phailiy, Zaidi, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 81, Zaidi, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 86, Zaid, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 87, Ahmad, Activism of Ulama in Pakistan, p. 267. The controversy was going on for several months in the fall of that year, with both sides asking for fatws from S. Muhsin al-Hakim (Najaf) and S. Ahmad Ali (Lucknow); see Razkr 25/38:4; 25/40:5+8; 25/42:3+9; 25/47:1+8 (8 October16 December 1962). She is very talented, gorgeous and hard working. In April 1963, some weeks before Muharram 1383H (25 May23 June), sectarian tensions in Lahore were building up, starting with Shia protests against an article of the daily Khistn which had claimed that the Imam Ali had drunken alcohol on some occasion.83Close On 12 April the TAS in the Krishannagar quarter came out with a new ploy, proclaiming a memorial day for Muawiya (who had contested the caliphate of Ali) to be observed with recitations from the Koran.84Close Provocative posters were distributed, praising the Caliph Muawiya with all honorific names and eulogies that Shias normally reserve for their Imam Ali.85Close The authorities reacted by banning any celebrations on Yaum-i Muwya, and the Sunni press was as critical as it had been in 195758 concerning the TAS campaign for a Yaum-i Umar.86Close The administration also convened a reconciliation committee of Sunni and Shia notables in Lahore in order to pre-empt violence during Muharram. In 1965, Muhammad Ismail had founded the Dars-i l-i Muhammad (see above, Fn 216) and Zamr ul-Hasan had become chief instructor of the Jmiat Husainya in Jhang; Mirza Yusuf Husain in 1974 became principal of a newly-founded Madrasat ul-Wizn in Lahore, which was also supported by Ansari (see Fn 143 to chapter 5, p. 410). Such accusations had been made since the time of the stalled Hyderabad Convention of February 1968; see Razkr 31/78:3 (1624 February 1968). The example of Aligarh (see sections 1.2, p. 18; 2.1, p. 33) has been brought forward on countless occasions to argue for separate Shia dnyt. There were a number of other changes affecting the Shias. At a huge gathering near Lahores Mochi Gate chaired by the former AJK President Col. During his stay as Friday preacher in Toba Tek Singh he converted to Shiism around 1935. Dihlavi hesitated almost two months until deciding about the five Shia delegates. The latter, during a meeting of its Council in Lahore on 17 February 1967, lauded the CII proposals because they had accepted separate dnyt in principle, and appealed to the government to implement them.337Close The Ministry of Education shortly after started to act according to the CII recommendations.338Close, While the APSC President Qizilbash stood his ground as an undeclared rival of S. Muhammad Dihlavi during the following yearsfacilitated by the end of his political disqualification period under EBDO on 31 December 1966339Closethe ITHS further disintegrated after the SMCs Multan Convention. He became a leading member of its teaching staff rising to the position of Grand Mufti in the 1930s. But Shias felt to be the main losers, because their majlis had to be planned long ahead and substitute for renowned speakers at these events was usually difficult to find. Namely with his press statement of 24 October 1964 (see section 4.3, p. 121), when sending an APSC representative to the Joint Waqf Administration Board on 24 August 1965 (ibid., p. 124), and when pre-empting the SMC Convention in Lahore in June 1967 (see above) with false promises; see Razkr 30/43:3 (16 November 1967). 14144; Dogar, Mauln Muhammad Husain Dhakko s 150 sul, pp. Dissatisfaction with both the ITHS and the APSC had increased after a promising attempt to merge them had failed in early 1958.124Close New attempts and initiatives were resumed in the following years,125Close but it became clear that the leading members of both organisations were not ready to relinquish anything of their status as spokesmen of the Shias. Pakistan - Religion | Britannica For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. His stay closed with a large public gathering at Karbal-i Gme Shh.170Close At a press conference on 29 February, S. Muhammad Dihlavi gave a comprehensive account of the three demands and their implications (excerpts): After the foundation of Pakistan the Muslims had merely understood that their goal had been achieved and they would be free to do what they liked. See section 4.5, pp. Muhammad Bashir Ansari, Haqiq ul-wasit, Vol. Razkr 28/43:3 (16 November 1965). Shamsi reacted by calling himself for a meeting of the Council on 23 October in the house of S. Muhammad Ali Zaidi in Lahore, sending invitations to Council members without even informing the Chairman. The latter three were ready to sign a declaration of support for the government but were prevented from doing so by the SMC delegates.395Close. The dispute was by no means only academic, with ulam of the Dhakko group risking being evicted from mosques and having their sermons boycotted or even being physically attacked. Zara Sheikh ( Punjabi, Urdu: ) is a Pakistani model and actress. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Razkr 22/16:1 (24 April 1959); 22/17:3 (1 May 1959). 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Report in Razkr 31/3839:56 (1624 October 1968); 31/40:2+8 (1 November 1968). Dihlavi also dismissed as insufficient an announcement from the Governor that a Shia representative would soon be included in the Waqf Administration Board.190Close Muzaffar Ali Shamsi, for his part, had lauded that announcement, and on 12 November it was his turn to be received by Ayub Khan with a delegation of Shia leaders.191Close These were only the first in a series of attempts by both Qizilbash and Shamsi to circumvent the emerging new Shia leadership and take credit themselves for any concessions offered by the government. Zaid, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 87. On the other hand, in October 1961 one S. Hasan Ali Shah Kazimi quoted fatws from both Grand Ayatollahs which seemed to contradict: Borujerdi had considered it more safe (ahwat) to use even the sahm-i imm for the poor sayyids if their part of the khums was not sufficient. Translated from Dhakko, Usl al-shara, 2nd ed., pp. Both Qizilbash and Shamsi had repeatedly portrayed the Shia protest movement as a mere tool of the political opposition and allegedly even had advised the government to crush it.393Close In the last week of October Shia notables in many towns and districts were approached by the local authorities and asked to discourage Shia razkrs from travelling to Rawalpindi.394Close On 29 October the minister Qazi Fazlallah called a meeting of Shia leaders in his house in a final bid to foil the SMC convention. List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan - Wikipedia [to speak at] majlis and religious gatherings, so that the ulam and zkirs understand the feelings of the people. Shaukat Ali, Pakistan, pp. Detailed reports on the events in Hyderabad are given in Razkr 31/78:13 (1624 February 1968). He was born in Kapurthala (Jullundhur Dist., East Punjab). Not surprisingly, Dhakkos diatribes met with resistance from those concerned. Razkr 29/3435:1, 12 (18 September 1966). The conflict as such had surfaced in Pakistan already in the 1950s, with some ulam from the dn madris complaining about how the zkirs and preachers would be misleading the Shia awm and distracting them from their religious obligations.215Close In 1959 one of the most successful preachers and munzirs, Maulana Muhammad Ismail (190176),216Close struck back. Ali Ahmad Shah (former President of Azad Kashmir), Mir Ghulam Husain Khan Talpur (Khairpur), Pir S. Qalandar Husain Shah (Sargodha), Malik Ibrahim Khan Bangash (Hangu), the MNA S. Asghar Ali and the ITHS chairman S. Mubarak Ali Shah (Razkr 27/29:78). Once more the acceptance of Shia demands was promised within a short time, and once more Dihlavi proved his desire to avoid violence at all cost. Natasha Ali. Ala ud-Din Siddiqi (190777) was born in Lahore and had graduated from both dn madris and secular colleges in his hometown. Zulfiqar Ali Qizilbash (191190), however, was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the Convention Muslim League allied to Ayub Khan in 1962,13Close and Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan found more time to occupy himself with Shia communal affairs. The movement led by S. Muhammad Dihlavi, which quite successfully asserted Shia demands vis-a-vis the government and the Sunni majority in the three years after 1965,214Close coincided with the first climax of a purely internal conflict within Pakistans Shia community. On top of such hot-heads was S. Mushtaq Husain Naqvi (19132000), a muhjir from Gurgaon District near Delhi who had settled in Multan after 1947 and earned fame as a popular orator, whose support was sought from candidates during elections.198Close Mushtaq Husain became a relentless campaigner for S. Muhammad Dihlavis movement and against the so-called traitors of Lahoremainly Qizilbash, the APSC Secretary-General Shaiq Ambalvi, and Muzaffar Ali Shamsiin the years after 1964. This way of investigation was ridiculed in an editorial of al-Irshd (Karachi), Fasdt k tahqq y aqid k?, reprinted in Razkr 26/35:6 (16 September 1963). What's particularly alarming is the rate of increase of Shia deaths in Pakistan in recent years. This seems to be an error; the relevant article in the 1956 constitution was No. After having explained the services of the Shias for Pakistan and the unity of Muslims as well as the three demands, it continued (excerpts): Great [Shia] people! Such textbooks had already been in use in the Punjab from 1954 to 1958.334Close At a special session of the SMC Council in Jhang on 6 November 1966, the proposals of the CII were discussed and rejected as insufficient.335Close On that occasion members of the Council even denounced Mufti Jafar Husain, the only Shia member of the CII,336Close who thereafter moved closer to the APSC. Protocols in Razkr 29/3435:112 (18 September 1966); al-Muballigh 10/8:2730 (September 1966); al-Muntazar 8/1415:1422 (520 September 1966); Payam-i Amal 10/8:2530 (October 1966). For the sake of letting us live according to our beliefs and convictions. Most preachers and zkirs have made majlis-khwn entirely a profession and they say with great impudence (I myself have heard it): I am neither an Imam nor a prophet nor a muballigh, nor are those who listen to the majlis believers. The agreements reached were apparently broken both by Sunni preachers and by Shias who tried to take out some unlicensed additional processions on 9 Muharram.87Close On 10 Muharram (3 June), the main azdr procession was attacked with stones, sticks and knives when passing in front of the Unch Masjid near the Bhatti Gate of the Old City. half of the khums, had been used by Shia ulam for various religious and charitable purposes for centuries in Iran, Iraq and Northern India.219Close The same had been the case in Pakistan, but very few Shias there had been paying khums to the ulam at all until the late 1950s.220Close At least half of it had been used along with other donations for purposes such as the construction and maintenance of mosques, immbrghs and dn madris, stipends for students, and salaries of instructors. #28. Zaidi, Mutlabt aur Khatb-i Azam, p. 81, mentions the elimination of objectionable contents from schoolbooks as the fourth principal demand of the conference. Muammad ibn Ms al-Khwrizm -inventor of Algebra and regarded as the father of Mathematics, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Karim Bakhsh Haidari was surely overdoing his diatribe against alleged passivity and idleness of the ulam, but the general line of his criticism was echoed by many other Shia intellectuals in those years.146Close. Ibid. He is noted for his calming presence and delivering speeches in a soothing manner, and mostly focusing on the importance of respecting and loving one's parents. 8.Zakir Naik-Quran and modern science 9.Shabbir Ally Science the answer - A Comparison of Atheism and Islam 10.From Atheism to Belief: A Journey to Islam in North America by Dr. Jeffrey Lang (Part 1/17) Maulana Abd ul-Hamid Badayuni (18981970) had been a long-term activist of the Muslim League, who played a prominent role during the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s. He was mentioned in protocols of ITHS conventions only on rare occasions; see Razkr 12/7:2 (16 February 1949); 19/13:1 (1 April 1956); 24/16:3 (24 April 1961). No textbook on these subjects will be used in schools without approval of the said board. A plaque by Shaikh Ahmed Deedat in May 2000, "Son what you have done in 4 years had taken me 40 years to accomplish, Alhamdulillah". 3745). On his contribution to the movement in 1968 see section 4.5, p. 144. But even the Law Minister Ghulam Nabi Memon had then hinted at possible contradiction of the law with Shia personal law and asked the Shia ulam for a written comment (Razkr 27/21:3; 27/22:3). Let the enemies of Pakistan come forward and tell us, when and where have the Shias abused the sahba? We have to give our young generation religious instruction according to our beliefs. Some delegates of the APSC also participated in the February 1967 convention. A number of polemics against the greediness of the zkirs and their mis-handling of the majlis had been published in the Shia press already since the mid-1950s, especially in al-Muballigh.249Close An editorial of that journal from September 1961 was peculiarly outspoken (excerpts): Has Husain been martyred just for the purpose that some people would sit together and weep for him? famous shia zakir in pakistan. On Rizvi see section 5.4, p. 158. 12-Jul-96 Punjab Mailsi Shia Majlis attacked 10. al-Muballigh 3/12:23 (January 1960); Supplement to al-Muballigh 5/2, p. 6 (March 1961). Regarding its reference to Sunni settlements or quarters (bd), it must be kept in mind that most Shias of Pakistan lived scattered in Sunni majority areas.81Close The admission that many ignorant Sunnis had got used to the Shia ceremonieswhich was obvious from the active participation of numerous Sunnis in Muharram processions until some decades ago82Closewas also revealing: it was precisely that normalcy in sharing religious traditions with the Shias which some Sunni zealots wanted to destroy at all cost in order to revive what they considered the purity of their faith. By that time, thousands of Shias from other parts of Pakistan had already arrived in the town for the convention scheduled for 1011 February. An lim-i dn never makes revolutionary efforts even if he is a mujtahid, he thinks it is best for him to stay always far from striving and labour (jadd-o-jehad) and confine his leadership to guidance regarding some questions of fiqh. 1923, 4648. If today we show only a grain of negligence we will deserve countless curses from God and his Prophet and the Imams and the coming generations . 13942, 42148. The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims . It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. There is no greater crime in Islam than apostasy, and an Islamic government can neither allow the preaching of kufr nor apostasy from Islam. Neither of these two goals was achieved. By 1963and still todayShia-majority areas were confined to Baltistan and the Gilgit Agency, the Kurram Agency of the NWFP, and scattered villages in the northern and western districts of the Punjab from Sialkot and Rawalpindi down to Rajanpur. He was apparently referring to Shia rivals of the ITHS in the first place, but possibly also to politicians who backed Sunni extremists. An All-Pakistan Shia Mutlabt Convention in Multan on 2728 August 1966 turned out an important milestone of the SMC Movement. His statement came in reply to a suggestion from Zakir Husain Mashhadi to merge the APSC with the ITHS into a Tahaffuz-i Huqq-i Sha Conference while alternating its leading positions between the Chairmen and Secretary-Generals of both organisations. 7071. According to him, life does not mean striving and efforts, but inactivity, calm, safety, comfort, personal interest, prestige and respect. Such zkirs which deviate from that movement must not be given the opportunity to share the Shia platform, i.e. The process against him on different sedition cases would continue for years, however. The radical Sunni groups, who had so far not taken Dihlavis movement too seriously, were alarmed by what leaked through from the recommendations of the Board and warned the government from introducing separate dnyt or dividing the Auqaf Department.367Close On 6 August 1967 a Sunni Conference was held in Multan to discuss how to counter the divisive Shia demands.368Close Although only a few dozens of some 400 invited Sunni ulam showed up (among them no Barelvi lim of any standing),369Close speakers included Maulana Mufti Mahmud370Close and even Kausar Niyazi.371Close Resolutions against all three demands of the Shias were passed. Dhakko basically remained a lone crusader, who in later years would alienate even many of his former supporters.301Close, Astonishingly, the bitter conflicts among Pakistans Shias on questions of religious doctrines and practice, which came to the fore in the years from 1965 to 1968, did not affect much the movement for Shia communal demands during those same years.302Close S. Muhammad Dihlavi apparently never took sides in the dispute. A number of rejoinders were written against it, notably from two leading ulam of Jhang, S. Zamr ul-Hasan Najafi259Close and S. Muhammad Arif Naqvi.260Close The main accusation made against Dhakko was that he was belittling the status of the Imams, and the derogatory terms muqassir261Close and qashr ulam262Close were coined for Dhakko and his supporters. An article in the July 1968 issue of al-Muballigh praised Qizilbash and the APSC Vice-Chairman S. Hadi Ali Shah Bukhari for their role in foiling attempts to nationalise the Dr ul-Ulm (al-Muballigh 12/6:23). Mahmoud al-Sarkhi (born 1964) Mohammad al-Sadr (1943-1999) Mohammad al-Shirazi (1928-2001) Mohammad Ali Tabatabaei Hassani (1945-2017) Mohammad Hussaini Shahroudi (1925-2019) Mohammed Ridha al-Shirazi (1959-2008) Mohammad Taher Khaqani (born 1940) Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (born 1945) Mohammad Yaqoobi (born 1960) Morteza Hosseini Fayaz (1929-2014) , Pakistan is a democratic country where the rights of all citizens are equal and where it is a fundamental right to make use of public places for gatherings etc.