Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before marching to Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day,[81] for the distance of approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres). described as Scotch-Irish, are doubtless the descendants of that branch The Church, under the influence of the, The reasons for the prohibition are not clear. Mary was the widow of King Louis XII of France, who had From this his family assumed the name of DeCroy, which was later Its effect, though, was to destabilise Brittany, forcing the duke, Conan II, to focus on internal problems rather than on expansion. 2 son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Harlette de Falaise, was born about 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, France about age 59.. Other names for William were William of Normandy and William I King of England. [58] William was the grandson of Edward's maternal uncle, Richard II of Normandy. William then sent forces into London to construct a castle; he was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. As early as 1622, two brothers, Thomas and John [137] William's exact motivation in ordering the survey is unclear, but it probably had several purposes, such as making a record of feudal obligations and justifying increased taxation. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. He was not known as a patron of authors, and there is little evidence that he sponsored scholarships or other intellectual activities. This second force defeated the invaders at the Battle of Mortemer. [54] The duke travelled constantly around the duchy, confirming charters and collecting revenues. The town held out for 18 days, and after it fell to William he built a castle to secure his control. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all of the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. Edward, son of Edward of Plymouth, went on to be a founder of Tiverton, that John Gray was not native to Stapleford Tawney, but was only a resident Parish Registers of Stapleford Tawney, Essex Co., England, as printed at [121], Sources for William's actions between 1082 and 1084 are meagre. [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. [5], Danish raids on England continued, and thelred sought help from Richard, taking refuge in Normandy in 1013 when King Swein I of Denmark drove thelred and his family from England. [109], Earl Ralph had secured control of the castle at Dol, and in September 1076 William advanced into Brittany and laid siege to the castle. [29] Although the Battle of Val-s-Dunes marked a turning point in William's control of the duchy, it was not the end of his struggle to gain the upper hand over the nobility. Most of the lands of the New Forest are poor agricultural lands, and archaeological and geographic studies have shown that it was likely sparsely settled when it was turned into a royal forest. Included among them were Robert of Belleme, William de Breteuil, and Roger, the son of Richard fitzGilbert. Norman coins had a much lower silver content, were often of poor artistic quality, and were rarely re-minted. This made Emma of Normandy his great-aunt and Edward the Confessor his cousin. family of Stapleford were similar to the names in Edward Grays family. This altercation was one [2] William then marched to Southwark, across the Thames from London, which he reached in late November. [f] One of Herleva's brothers, Walter, became a supporter and protector of William during his minority. [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. The Vexin was a buffer state between Normandy and the lands of the French king, and Simon had been a supporter of William. The elder John de Gray had a son, Henry 1. [7][c], William was born in 1027 or 1028 at Falaise, Duchy of Normandy, most likely towards the end of 1028. . The English dead, who included some of Harold's brothers and his housecarls, were left on the battlefield. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. 1. As King Edward's heir, he controlled all of the former royal lands. [132], William took over an English government that was more complex than the Norman system. [83] Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings. Members Chillingham, England, Motto, Anchor Fast Anchor. Hubert was besieged in his castle at Sainte-Suzanne by William's forces for at least two years, but he eventually made his peace with the king and was restored to favour. [25], King Henry continued to support the young duke,[26] but in late 1046 opponents of William came together in a rebellion centred in lower Normandy, led by Guy of Burgundy with support from Nigel, Viscount of the Cotentin, and Ranulf, Viscount of the Bessin. VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty Images. [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. Not an insignificant sum!! By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. [57], In 1051 the childless King Edward of England appears to have chosen William as his successor. They eventually [9][g] Robert I also had a daughter, Adelaide, by another mistress. William the Conqueror; Issue Detail: Robert II, Duke of Normandy Richard Adeliza Cecilia William II, King of England Constance, Duchess of Brittany Adela, Countess of Blois Henry I, King of England . His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England. Guillaume "Le Btard", or William the Conqueror, transformed the Middle Ages and laid the foundations of a new Europe. This is detail between different branches of the same family Henry's about-face was probably motivated by a desire to retain dominance over Normandy, which was now threatened by William's growing mastery of his duchy. The listing for each county gives the holdings of each landholder, grouped by owners. The lack of Norman response appears to have caused the Northumbrians to grow restive, and in the spring of 1080 they rebelled against the rule of Walcher, the Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumbria. It seems that a British soldier [97], In 1068 Edwin and Morcar revolted, supported by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. It is unclear whether William would have been supplanted in the ducal succession if Robert had had a legitimate son. [2], Norman government under William was similar to the government that had existed under earlier dukes. Early Life. From there, he ravaged the interior and waited for Harold's return from the north, refusing to venture far from the sea, his line of communication with Normandy. The family of Gray or Grey, says Burke in his peerages, claims descent Wikimedia Commons. His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Archbishop Matthew Parker saw the Conquest as having corrupted a purer English Church, which Parker attempted to restore. Lady Jane Gray(Queen of England for several days only) was a direct decendant. Burkes Peerage says: "The family of Gray is of great antiquity Local nobles resisted the claim, but William invaded and by 1064 had secured control of the area. Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. [93], William remained in England after his coronation and tried to reconcile the native magnates. called Gray. In 1072 William invaded Scotland, defeating Malcolm, who had recently invaded the north of England. William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. [e] His mother Herleva was a daughter of Fulbert of Falaise; he may have been a tanner or embalmer. [30], William's next efforts were against Guy of Burgundy, who retreated to his castle at Brionne, which William besieged. [106], William returned to England to release his army from service in 1073 but quickly returned to Normandy, where he spent all of 1074. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. Although some of his supporters tried to dissuade him from undertaking the journey, he convened a council in January 1035 and had the assembled Norman magnates swear fealty to William as his heir[2][15] before leaving for Jerusalem. of Lisle, the Earl of Stamford, the Marquis of Dorset, and the Duke of of the family was in Plymouth in 1643. 10711087)", "Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)", "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duch de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&oldid=1152709080, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:01. William also ordered that all of his prisoners be released, including his half-brother Odo. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. Samuel Gray, son of Edward of Tiverton, moved to Boston and could be [72] Harold's claim to the throne was not entirely secure, as there were other claimants, perhaps including his exiled brother Tostig. [i] The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s,[43][j] possibly unsanctioned by the pope. His [107] He left England in the hands of his supporters, including Richard fitzGilbert and William de Warenne,[108] as well as Lanfranc. Among the names inscribed at Battle Abbey, after the Battle of Hastings, Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. This income was collected by the chamber, one of the household departments. [20], The anarchy in the duchy lasted until 1047,[21] and control of the young duke was one of the priorities of those contending for power. died January 1, 1515. W. Gray. [78] William of Poitiers also relates that the duke obtained the consent of Pope Alexander II for the invasion, along with a papal banner. [73][m] King Harald Hardrada of Norway also had a claim to the throne as the uncle and heir of King Magnus I, who had made a pact with Harthacnut in about 1040 that if either Magnus or Harthacnut died without heirs, the other would succeed. as being worthy to be remembered for valiant services rendered, was J. The Bellme family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves. He Was Illegitimate. in Bergundy, France. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. Towns were listed separately. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house A.P. had two sons, both named John. Edgar remained at William's court until 1086 when he went to the. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the Rebecca, baptized 1615, married Thomas Perry May 28, 1650. [2] Orderic Vitalis records that William tried to learn to read Old English late in life, but he was unable to devote sufficient time to the effort and quickly gave up. William was unhorsed by Robert and was only saved from death by an Englishman, Toki son of Wigod, who was himself killed. [114] Roger and Waltheof were kept in prison, where Waltheof was executed in May 1076. Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. Return to Newport County RIGenWeb Home Page. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and [66], In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father's earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria. [128] William granted some lands to his continental followers from the holdings of one or more specific Englishmen; at other times, he granted a compact grouping of lands previously held by many different Englishmen to one Norman follower, often to allow for the consolidation of lands around a strategically placed castle. Not all of the Normans who accompanied William in the initial conquest acquired large amounts of land in England. [118], Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. [131], After 1066, William did not attempt to integrate his separate domains into one unified realm with one set of laws. After a long effort, the duke succeeded in exiling Guy in 1050. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. William was the son of Robert I, duke of Normandy (reigned 1027-1035), and a woman of lower social status named Herleva. A John Gray was buried May 28, 1658. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. [97], Early in 1069, Edgar the theling rose in revolt and attacked York. There were farmers, fishermen and tradesmen. There are a few like The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that it was a military campaign, but Welsh sources record it as a pilgrimage to St Davids in honour of Saint David. William's son Robert, still allied with the French king, appears to have been active in stirring up trouble, enough so that William led an expedition against the French Vexin in July 1087. The first of this line David Gray of Tiverton was captured by the British during the war and William then moved to Hastings, a few miles to the east, where he built a castle as a base of operations. This was the last invasion of Normandy during William's lifetime. Most years saw the rate of two shillings per hide, but in crises, it could be increased to as much as six shillings per hide. Suffolk, all of that surname derived from the honor and Castle of Gray, Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and thelwig, the Abbot of Evesham. Sometimes deputies were appointed to deal with specific issues. Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. Original: Mar 26, 2013. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. followed by that of her father, the Duke of Suffolk, and his brothers, One became a nun, and the other, Matilda, married, How illegitimacy was viewed by the church and lay society was undergoing a change during this period. William responded swiftly, ignoring a continental revolt in Maine, and symbolically wore his crown in the ruins of York on Christmas Day 1069. The Bayeux Tapestry has been claimed to show Harold's death by an arrow to the eye, but that may be a later reworking of the tapestry to conform to 12th-century stories in which Harold was slain by an arrow wound to the head. The Grays were not restored to their rights and court favor until the He records. [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. [71], Harold was crowned on 6 January 1066 in Edward's new Norman-style Westminster Abbey, although some controversy surrounds who performed the ceremony. [115], In late 1077 or early 1078 trouble began between William and his eldest son, Robert. land company which eventually formed Tiverton and Little Compton, RI. [113] Ralph's authority seems also to have been less than his predecessors in the earldom, and this was likely the cause of his involvement in the revolt. [145], William's reign has caused historical controversy since before his death. [n][79] Events after the invasion, which included the penance William performed and statements by later popes, do lend circumstantial support to the claim of papal approval. France in the 9th century with his Norwegian followers and established The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. [144] The historian Eleanor Searle describes William's invasion as "a plan that no ruler but a Scandinavian would have considered". William, son of Ellery, who were obscure, possibly intentionally leaving of King Edward, her son the young Prince Consort, and her son Lord Gray, After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. [56] Another important appointment was that of William's half-brother, Odo, as Bishop of Bayeux in either 1049 or 1050. money from Benjamin Franklin for passage home. They served their country [79] Harold kept his forces on alert throughout the summer, but with the arrival of the harvest season he disbanded his army on 8 September. [87] The available sources are more confused about events in the afternoon, but it appears that the decisive event was Harold's death, about which differing stories are told. Thomas Gray were living there in 1579. [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. The Gray family in America is numerous, widespread and consists of many of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). thelred and Emma's two sons, Edward and Alfred, went into exile in Normandy while their mother, Emma, became Cnut's second wife. and enlisted the sympathies of the world. From a Boston Transcript clipping in the Durfee film 804977, "Clarkes A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected. from Rollo (born 860 A.D.). [35] William was engaged in military actions against his own nobles throughout 1053,[36] as well as with the new Archbishop of Rouen, Mauger. [96] By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof. Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. Orderic Vitalis preserves a lengthy account, complete with speeches made by many of the principals, but this is likely more of an account of how a king should die than of what actually happened. Some of the native abbots were also deposed, both at the council held near Easter and at a further one near Whitsun. They included the duke's uncle Robert, the archbishop of Rouen, who had originally opposed the duke; Osbern, a nephew of Gunnor the wife of Richard I; and Gilbert of Brionne, a grandson of Richard I. John, Lord of Gray, whose son Anschetil de Gray was one of William the Conquerors companions in arms at the battle of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by a royal commission set up by William in 1085-86), as lord of many manors and lordships in the counties of Oxford and . By the end of 1081, William was back on the continent, dealing with disturbances in Maine. [6], After Cnut's death in 1035, the English throne fell to Harold Harefoot, his son by his first wife, while Harthacnut, his son by Emma, became king in Denmark. He then proceeded to buy off the Danes. The raiders were supported by many of William's continental enemies. Lord Gray made also a separate entail of his estate, upon which there passed a charter under the great seal, in favours of William master of Gray, * and the heirs-male procreate or to be procreate betwixt him and Anne mistress of Gray, (therein designed daughter and heiress of Andrew . He was the second [9] Herleva was possibly a member of the ducal household, but did not marry Robert. [48] The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters. [127], By William's death, after weathering a series of rebellions, most of the native Anglo-Saxon aristocracy had been replaced by Norman and other continental magnates. [52] William's main hobby appears to have been hunting. William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister It was said that Walter, William's maternal uncle, was occasionally forced to hide the young duke in the houses of peasants,[23] although this story may be an embellishment by Orderic Vitalis. [2] At an ecclesiastical council held in Lillebonne in 1080, he was confirmed in his ultimate authority over the Norman church. Rhode Island. He was of Viking extraction. in and about London. Then the king returned to Normandy late in 1068. Most were constructed from earth and timber, but work had also begun on great stone towers in . Sam is supposed to be buried at the old Granery Burying Ground near Perhaps another stipulation of the treaty was the expulsion of Edgar the theling from Malcolm's court. support the effort with food, money and work in recruiting and organization. Lady Jane Grey (r. 10-19 July 1553) The accession of Lady Jane Grey as Queen was engineered by the powerful Duke of Northumberland, President of the King's Council, in the interests of promoting his own dynastic line. He also retained control of much of the lands of Harold and his family, which made the king the largest secular landowner in England by a wide margin. By far the most disturbing fact . [99] Waltheof, who had joined the revolt, submitted, along with Gospatric, and both were allowed to retain their lands. changed to DeGray and then to Gray. 6. The Gray family history is a long and distinguished one. Harold assembled an army and a fleet to repel William's anticipated invasion force, deploying troops and ships along the English Channel for most of the summer. The exact reasons are unclear, as no contemporary author recorded what caused the quarrel between the half-brothers. The union of the Grays with the royal line of Tudor was by the marriage Before this, William had returned to the continent, where Ralph had continued the rebellion from Brittany. Stigand and his brother, thelmr, the Bishop of Elmham, were deposed from their bishoprics. [93] These captures secured William's rear areas and also his line of retreat to Normandy, if that was needed. but found "himself bruished and bloody on the ground." A sheriff was responsible for royal justice and collecting royal revenue. Columbia river in Washington state. Park Street Congregational Church, Boston. Anschatel Groy settled in Chillingham in Northumberland after accompanying William the Conqueror in 1066. [31] To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel,[32] William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two. These dates would In August and September 1079 King Malcolm of Scots raided south of the River Tweed, devastating the land between the River Tees and the Tweed in a raid that lasted almost a month. Family visits Group . The surname Gray emerged as a notable Scottish family name in the county of Northumberland where they were recorded as a family of great antiquity seated with manor and estates in that shire. [143] How abrupt and far-reaching the changes were is still a matter of debate among historians, with some such as Richard Southern claiming that the Conquest was the single most radical change in European history between the Fall of Rome and the 20th century. homes in the New World. The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher In the Department of Haute-Saone, there is now a town The Tiverton Grays are descended from a long line of Grays which are claimed to go back to Rollo, Viking invader and conqueror of Normandy, France. [120] William also visited Wales in 1081, although the English and the Welsh sources differ on the exact purpose of the visit. [p] The Danish king had brought a large fleet to England and attacked not only York but Exeter and Shrewsbury. Holland, in 1622. English resistance had also begun, with Eadric the Wild attacking Hereford and revolts at Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was a focus of resistance. His lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to Robert, and England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus. Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895-1972), US Senator. [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. By 1031 Robert had gathered considerable support from noblemen, many of whom would become prominent during William's life. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. [1] The brothers had been at odds over the succession, and Richard's death was sudden.
Catherine Murphy Abc Irish,
Jones County Jail Docket 48 Hour Release,
Articles W