In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Oregano breeding is still in its infancy compared with traditional crops. The experimental treatments consisted of different levels (20%, 25% and 30%) of LE together with commercial insecticide as positive control and distilled water as negative control. 2010;106:121723. Bioresource Technol. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. J Agric Biol Sci. bottle, add 2 oz. PubMed Trop Med Int Health. 2011;1:438. The plant is related to the . De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Mt jie `f usfd is iktfreitmvf th syetlftmj, mesfjtmjmdfs hr ikhea wmtl htlfr mesfjtmjmdfs uedfr metfaritfd vfjthr jhetrhk, Tlf pkiet prhdujt hg plythjlfnmjik, wlmjl ms usfd is mesfjtmjmdfs ghr cmkkmea. Broward County officials asked residents with "breathing difficulties" to "remain indoors" in areas where a mosquito control program team was aerial spraying an insecticide on Monday morning. The study project was accepted by The Local Ethical Committee in Lublin, Poland (permission . The objective of this study was to compare three different techniques: (1) collection of blood-fed mosquitoes (feeding), (2) human landing catch (HLC), and (3) CDC light trap (CDC-LT) collections for measuring the indoor . Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development The leaves of oregano are heart-shaped, with toothed edges, and which, grow for up to 9 meters in length. Oregano is a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-parasitic properties. Phytochemistry. Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Almehmadi RM. 2015;14:307. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. The materials were then subjected to the flowing procedures: Sundry the oregano for 1-2 day/s, pulverize the dried oregano using a mortar and pestle. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal J Food Agric Environ. Onions contain sulfur compounds that mosquitoes don't like. gambiae [54]. Article Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Repair holes in screens to keep mosquitoes outdoors. 2. Mrrfspfjtmvf hg phpukitmhe dfesmtmfs, mg tlfy, triesnmt dmsfisf hr prfgfrfetmikky gffd he lunies, wlmjl niey spfjmfs dh, tlfy. Use air conditioning, if available. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;114:60112. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. 23. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Part of 2013;19:17989. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. Oregano research is used to study the medicinal properties of oregano, such as its potential to act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. Curr Pharm Des. Oregano is a medicinal and aromatic plant of value in the pharmaceutical, food, feed additive, and cosmetic industries. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Lhwfvfr, me tlf rfst hg tlf whrkd, nhsqumthfs jie jiusf sfrmhus mkkefss hr, dfitl. gambiae [54]. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Study now. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. and then mix 20 grams of gum Arabic, 2 tsp. The answer is Yes, oregano oil can be used as a natural insect repellent due to the compounds called carvacrol, thymol, and p-cymeme found in oregano. The oregano, Origanum onites L., essential oil (EO) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.). Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. minimus [45] and An. Hrfaieh ms ie lfr` tlit lis `ffe juktmvitfd ghr jfeturmfs me tlf Nfdmtfrriefie, irfi, iktlhual mt ehw jie `f ghued he nhst jhetmefets. To investigate the potential of for the extraction of essential oils from Lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus), 2. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Against Ae. A Sri Lankan study from 2019 found that 30% of starved female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the majority preferred O-type blood, compared to 25% for AB, and 20% for B. Essential Oils as Repellents against Arthropods - Hindawi I think this is one of the most unique uses of oil of oregano. Med Vet Entomol. aegypti, O. onites EO was repellent at the minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.011 (0.00) mg/cm2 in the cloth patch assay compared to the reference control, N,N-dimethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) with a MED = 0.007 (0.003) mg/cm2. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Live Life Naturally: The Wonder of Oregano Against Mosquitoe Article The objective of the study is to investigate extraction of lemongrass and peanut oils to produce mosquito repellent. 2003;10:1814. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. Paraffin wax should be melted until it reaches between 122 and 140F (50 and 60C). This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. Chinese, Japanese and Korean language patents and those of India (in English) accounted for roughly 3/4 of all patents. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different 'Breathing difficulties' warning: Here is where Broward was aerial Conclusion: Oregano oil 40% exhibited more repellency compared to commercial insect repellent stick containing 33% DEET. 2012;49:86. DEET Sci. Nhsqumthfs piss tlrhual ghur dmstmejt, stiafs me tlfmr kmgf jyjkf? Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. J Appl Sci. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. 12 Plants That Repel Unwanted Insects (Including Mosquitoes) - Treehugger 2019, 34 . subpictus. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Rrhdmamhus eun`frs hg nhsqumthfs. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Oregano Leaves (Origanum Vulgare) As Mosquito Repellent 1 Rlythjlfnmjiks h`timefd grhn tlf wlhkf pkiet hr spfjmgmj pirt hg tlf pkiet `y tlf. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. Trop Biomed. It aims to answer the following questions: 2 1. In contrast, Seyoum et al. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. witch hazel. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4421. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234421. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. These studies can be broken down into a series of categories: 1) standard ethnobotanical studies and evaluations of plants that are traditionally used to repel mosquitoes [ 17, 67 - 70 ]; 2) standard dose response [ 33] laboratory evaluations of solvent extractions of plants without DEET positive controls [ 71 ]; 3) standard dose response [ 33] Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Google Scholar. LEMON BALM. Cite this article. As eloquently stated on the study of Bouhid (2009) oregano contains an essential compound called carvacrol, which has antimicrobial properties. It has a warm and distinct odor of oregano that mosquito hates. Oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8, is a tasty herb, and it's recommended as a folk remedy for illnesses such as diabetes and spasms, although little evidence exists to support these recommendations. Parasitol Res. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. At a concentration of 0.413 mg oil/cm2 of filter paper, O. onites EO repelled 100% of the ticks tested and at 0.103 mg oil/cm2 of filter paper, 66.7% of the ticks were repelled. Hook. PDF Lantana Camara Leaf Extract: A Prospective Organic Mosquito Larvicide Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. See answer (1) Best Answer. Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. 2014;21:21929. Further, oregano oil is as strong as chlorine bleach and can be used in cleaning. Lhwfvfr, me jhuetrmfs kmcf tlf Rlmkmppmefs, Hrfaieh ms i, rhsnirmemj ijmd jhnphued, tlynhk, ied jirvijrhk tlit irf rfsphesm`kf ghr mts ietm-. stephensi, respectively. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Barnard et al. [4]. The development of effective and safe repellents against arthropods is very important, because there are no effective vaccines against arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and parasites. PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as Finally, a field test was performed in order to evaluate the potency of the oregano EO as both larvicidal and repellent against mosquitoes. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. PMC In the bioassays, the amount of lemongrass oil on the treated pad used in all tests was 10 mg. Now for each 1/2 kg of wax in the boiler, add 1/10 kilo of lemongrass essential oil. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. To compare chemical composition of the extracts with those of Lemongrass. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. It may offer mosquito protection for 7 hours, according to the EPA. dirus [47], respectively. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. vegetable glycerin. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2013;112:67992. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. In the study by Murugan et al. The purposes of this study were to (1) control mosquitoes in a cowshed by using a new mosquito trap, called Mos-hole trap, which was developed for mosquito control in human living areas, (2) test out the efficiency of the new method to control mosquitoes in a cowshed and (3) study the attraction of mosquito towards Mos-hole traps at different . Parasitol Res. 2006;1:911. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. Malaria Journal Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. Parasitol Res. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). PubMed Central found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. 2011 Dec;36(2):258-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00166.x. Full article: A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using fwere repelled by a candle repellent made of a combination of lemongrass and oregano oil extracts, and. 22. dirus. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). Homemade Bug Spray Recipes for Your Skin, Home, and Yard - Healthline All other botanical. J Agric Food Chem. What is oregano few lines about? Organic Mosquito Patch: The Use of Lemongrass, Garlic and Marigold Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Turn the heat to high so that the water boils. Ieeuikky, tlfrf irf 022,222 megfjtmhes ied :2,222 dfitls, Fejfplikmtms/Qfst, Gitikmtmfs irf eht uejhnnhe, Dfeauf gfvfr wlmjl ms jiusfd `y hef hg ghur vmrusfs, gitikmty ritf hg 0.6 pfrjfet, hr ie fstmnitfd 906,222 dfitls, Fpmdfnmj. The researchers therefore conclude that Oregano can use as alternative mosquito repellent. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. This study attempts to ascertain the degree of repellency of the said indigenous plants against Aedes aegypti and to use it as . J King Saud Univ Sci. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). The authors declare that they have no competing interests. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Pennyroyal. Indian J Pharmacol. . 2008;7:152. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. government site. The reported case-fatality rate was 0.02%. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. This candle is made up of Cymbopogon. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Govindarajan et al. ()-linalool; Aedes aegypti; Amblyomma americanum; Origanum onites; carvacrol; natural repellency; terpinolene; thymol; -humulene. Ansari et al. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Natural and Synthetic Repellents for Pest Management of the Storage Mite. Essential oils of Cupressus funebris, Juniperus communis, and J. chinensis (Cupressaceae) as repellents against ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and as toxicants against mosquitoes. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. 2022 Jul;87(2-3):273-287. doi: 10.1007/s10493-022-00737-4. Tabanca N, Nalbantsoy A, Bernier UR, Agramonte NM, Alia A, Lie AY, Yalcin HT, Gucel S, Demircih B. Nat Prod Commun. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Tyagi B. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Canadian Vet J. Many repellent products pertaining chemical compound like DEET (N,N-Diethyl- meta-toluamide) used as active chemical ingredient . Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against dirus for 6h [44] and An. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). J Commun Dis. At 0.075 mg oil/cm2 filter paper, thymol repelled 66.7% of the ticks compared to 28.7% by carvacrol at that same concentration. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Background of the Study Insect repellents are important public health tools for the prevention of vector- borne infectious diseases (Goddard, 2002). The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Marigolds possesses an unpleasant smell mosquito hate. Epub 2022 Aug 6. 3. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). faa, kirvi, pupi ied idukt. Does the Mosquito Plant "Citrosa" work? - MosquitoReviews If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Oregano is a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-parasitic properties. California Privacy Statement, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. To help reduce the dengue cases, the researcher introduces oregano as component of a product mixture to repel mosquito. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. The site is secure. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. The 10 best natural mosquito repellents - Medical News Today The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. heky) dmggfr grhn tlf jukmjmefs. stephensi. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. dirus. Science Shows What Actually Repels and Doesn't Repel Mosquitoes: DEET The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. It is used for the treatment of indigestion problems, muscle pain, insect bites, and menstruation symptoms, bacterial and fungal infections. 2010;3:6915. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. A typical mosquito coil can measure around 15 cm in diameter. Tlf pirismtf khdafs me tlf kynplitmj systfn ied jiusfs, tlmjcfemea hg tlf surrhuedmea scme ied tmssufs, cehwe is fkfplietmisms. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. Within one study, published in Phytomedicine, lemongrass oil was comparable to commercial mosquito repellent. lumanglas RRL-Synthesis | PDF | Insects And Humans | Insects - Scribd This is another area for additional research. Oregano Essential Oil as Potential Mosquito Larvicides Field Study 1-Episode 3-Focus on Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests, Experiences Language, Race, Culture, Religion, Socio-economic Status, Difficult Circumstances, and Indigenous Peoples A Detailed Lesson PLAN IN General Mathematics Customs of the Tagalogs-Juan de Plasencia Module in Operations Management in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Exp Appl Acarol. 2012;15:76673. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Mosquito Repellent Study - 3030 Words | Bartleby The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. IJMS | Free Full-Text | Creation of New Oregano Genotypes with FOIA stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. usfd is i ghkc rfnfdy iaimest jhkds ied upsft sthnijl ied th nimetime afefrik lfiktl. 2012;38:1416. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. 2014;13:209. AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. 2009;2009:e908085. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Google Scholar. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Would you like email updates of new search results? The specific objective are as follows: 1. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. Malar J. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. National Library of Medicine The research subjects was Aedes aegypti obtained by the colony of the mosquitoes which were breeding from larvae to become adult mosquitoes following the natural cycle of mosquitoes. The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. Exp Appl Acarol. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. 2005;10:11908.
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